Visual pleasure and narrative cinema.

• Film/images fascinates us (engages our emotions).
• Mulvey uses psychoanalysis to discover where and how the fascination of films is reinforced by pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the individual subject (spectator).
• She says she is using psychoanalytic theory 'as a political weapon'.
• Hollywood and music videos manipulates visual pleasure.
• It 'codes the erotic into the language of the dominant patriarchal order'. (male dominated society).

          Scopophilia

• Pleasure in looking (Sigmund Freud 1905).
• Woman as an image, man as beholder of the look.
• Pleasure in looking split between active/male and passive female.
• woman connote 'to-be-looked-at-ness'.
• woman are always places in a film in a seductive way e.g James Bond - long and lingering = time slows down.
• Post-modern =, times changed.
• The woman functions as both as an erotic object for the characters within the screen story and erotic objective for the spectator within the auditorium (object of fantasy).
• The spectator is led to identity with the main male protagonist.